Would you thrift a holiday gift? Secondhand shopping popular with students

Would you thrift a holiday gift? Secondhand shopping popular with students

Thrift shopping is owning a moment amid college or university learners keen to help you save the planet—and their wallets.

The on line consignment large ThredUP printed a resale report declaring that, globally, secondhand apparel profits climbed from $96 billion in 2021 to $119 billion in 2022, with sales anticipated to raise by $99 billion by 2026.

4 Northeastern College students learning fashion or the environment—three of whom are from California—told News@Northeastern their most loved brick and mortar places and open marketplaces to thrift in and all over Boston and Oakland, exactly where Mills Higher education at Northeastern is situated.

They also defined why they shop secondhand and why they system to give pre-owned provides this holiday—and explained a number of of their finds. 

Why thrift?

“I’ve been possessing this entire journey throughout faculty with environmentalism and locating approaches for individuals to get concerned in local weather solutions,” says Nia Beckett, a fifth-calendar year journalism important with a international vogue experiments slight.

“I feel thrifting is a large piece of that, since every person puts on garments in the morning. And we know that speedy vogue is a massive situation that is contributing to landfills and staff not becoming handled adequately.”

Extreme temperatures linked to greater mortality risk

Extreme temperatures linked to greater mortality risk

Adults and kids playing among water fountains on an extremely hot dayShare on Pinterest
Extreme heat as well as extreme cold can affect people with heart conditions. Alexi Rosenfeld/Getty Images
  • A multinational analysis of more than 32 million deaths from cardiovascular disease found that more people died on days with extreme temperatures— both hot and cold.
  • For every 1,000 cardiovascular deaths, 2.2 excess deaths were associated with extreme hot days, and 9.1 were associated with extreme cold days.
  • The researchers now want to see guidelines developed to help mitigate the impact of extreme temperatures.

The planet is enduring more frequent intense heat waves due to climate change, which is mostly caused by humans burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. The last eight years have been the hottest on human record, according to the World Meteorological Organization.

Some research studies indicate that climate change may also be linked to severe winter weather, like that experienced in Texas in February of 2021.

An international consortium of researchers recently joined forces to study how climate change impacts cardiovascular health.

A paper about their efforts, which is published in Circulation, a flagship journal of the American Heart Association (AHA), explains that the researchers found more deaths on days when temperatures were at their highest and lowest.

The study suggests both extreme hot and extreme cold temperatures increase the risk of death among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), like ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmia.

On extremely hot days, the heart shifts blood from major organs to underneath the skin, where it is cooler.

“Sweating also happens,” Dr. Barrak Alahmad, lead author of the study as well as a research fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and mission scholar at the College of Public Health at Kuwait University in Kuwait City, explained to Medical News Today.

“This could lead to volume depletion that increases heart rate. Increased core body temperature will also increase the metabolic state and oxygen consumption. Then you might also [experience] fluid shifts and electrolytes imbalance (specifically, potassium, magnesium). All of these [cascade] in susceptible individuals…” he further explained.

In hot weather, people who are older, obese, have high blood pressure, or have a history of heart disease need to take precautions like avoiding the outdoors in the early afternoon and staying hydrated, according to the AHA.

Cold weather also causes problems for humans.

“Blood vessels will constrict, and skeletal muscles will increase tone to preserve and generate heat. This will increase blood pressure. Some researchers suggested that cold makes cholesterol crystals deposit in blood vessels and causes heart attacks. Other researchers showed that cold makes your blood more sticky, and that also increases the risk of heart attacks,” said Dr. Alahmad.

For this study, the team of researchers led by D. Alahmad used data collected by the Multi-County Multi-City Collaborative Research Network, an international collaboration of scientists looking for epidemiological evidence of associations “between environmental stressors, climate, and health.”

They analyzed more than 32 million cardiovascular deaths that occurred in 567 cities in 27 countries on five continents between 1979 and 2019. Researchers obtained city-specific daily temperatures from weather stations and climate reanalysis models.

For their analysis, researchers compared cardiovascular deaths on the hottest and coldest 2.5{cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of days for each city with cardiovascular deaths on the days that had the optimal temperature (the temperature associated with the least rates of deaths) in the same city.

For every 1,000 deaths from CVD, the researchers found that extreme hot days resulted in 2.2 additional deaths, and extreme cold days accounted for 9.1 additional deaths.

“We now learned that for every 100 cardiovascular deaths, at least 1 additional death is from extreme cold and hot days. Considering that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, this essentially translates into a very large burden,” Dr. Alahmad said.

Of all the types of heart disease, heart failure caused the greatest number of deaths from extreme temperatures, the researchers found.

Meanwhile, ischemic heart disease accounted for 37{cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of CVD deaths studied by researchers. They estimate that about 1{cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of all ischemic heart diseases “are attributed to extreme temperatures alone.”

The researchers did not find a significant association between extreme heat and death from arrhythmia. The researchers write that this may be caused by arrhythmia being misclassified as the cause of death when the death was actually caused by ischemia or cardiomyopathy.

Dr. Don Pham, interventional cardiologist at Memorial Hermann in Houston, Texas applauded the study for providing “a new and interesting approach to prevention.”

“I think this serves as a good reminder to patients during the winter or summer months [that] when the weather has drastically [changed] in your region to pay attention to any new symptoms that occur,” he told MNT.

Although the study looked at cities in many countries, some parts of the world received less attention.

“Readers must be cautioned when interpreting our findings as global estimates since some regions were underrepresented in our data such as South Asia, the Middle East and Africa,” Dr. Alahmad told MNT.

“Extreme temperatures might have a larger impact in these underrepresented regions,” he added.

Future research needs to look at the social determinants of health and climate change, said Dr. Martha Gulati, director of preventive cardiology at the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles, California, and president of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology.

“[T]he persons most vulnerable already for CVD may be the persons living without [air-conditioning] or without heat. Perhaps having jobs that expose them to these extreme temperatures too.”
— Dr. Martha Gulati

Dr. Gulati would also like to see research that collects data on incident cardiovascular disease.

“[T]he cost to global health systems is affected by more than just mortality. Additionally, on a population level, the number of people living with cardiovascular disease, if increasing as a result of climate change, is important when creating predictive models for cardiovascular disease burden,” she told MNT.

Professional cardiology organizations need to draft guidelines about extreme temperatures and cardiovascular health, Dr. Alahmad argued.

“We can provide exact directions to healthcare providers on what they should advise their patients,” he told MNT.

Dr. Gulati, on the other hand, believes more data needs to be collected before this step can be taken.

“But I do think that cardiologists and our national and international societies need to take a stand about climate change and also lead and advocate for our countries to address climate change in order to protect human health,” she said.

In September, Dr. Gulati argued in a piece for The American Journal of Preventive Cardiologythat the cardiology community must work to affect public policy to offset the impact of climate change.

“Rising temperatures, extreme weather, increases in greenhouse gasses (GHG), and rising sea levels are threatening human lives and dramatically impacting cardiovascular health,” she wrote.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization. That said, death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) have declined since the 1960s.

In the United States, that can be contributed to public health interventions that reduced smoking and the consumption of dietary fat along with improvements in medical care, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“It [is] a great public health success story,” Dr. Alahmad told MNT.

Cardiologists and public health officials now need to look at the risk climate change poses to cardiovascular health, Dr. Alahmad stressed.

“We need to be on top of emerging environmental exposures. In this rapidly changing climate and [at an unprecedented] pace of warming, it is not the time to be asleep at the driving wheel.”
— Dr. Alahmad

It’s past time to set alarm bells ringing, agreed Dr. Gulati.

“If we do not reverse the course urgently, the impact on human health, particularly heart health, will be dire,” she told MNT.

TIKTok ban bill introduced by US lawmakers

TIKTok ban bill introduced by US lawmakers


Washington
CNN
 — 

A trio of US lawmakers has launched new laws that aims to ban TikTok from running in the United States.

The new bill by Sen. Marco Rubio, the leading Republican on the Senate Intelligence Committee, and a bipartisan pair of congressmen in the House, reflects the most recent escalation by US policymakers against the Chinese-owned limited-type video app. TikTok has confronted uncertainties about its skill to safeguard US person details from the Chinese government.

The proposed legislation would “block and prohibit all transactions” in the United States by social media corporations with at least a single million regular monthly consumers that are based in, or less than the “substantial influence” of, nations that are deemed international adversaries, including China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba and Venezuela.

The invoice exclusively names TikTok and its mother or father, ByteDance, as social media organizations for the reasons of the legislation. Rubio and one of the Home sponsors of the invoice, Wisconsin Republican Rep. Mike Gallagher, had indicated their intention to introduce the invoice in a Washington Article op-ed past thirty day period.

The legislation arrives as a wave of states led by Republican governors have released point out-degree constraints on the use of TikTok on federal government-owned products. In the earlier two weeks, at the very least seven states have released these kinds of actions, including Maryland, South Dakota and Utah.

The flurry of action contrasts with the prolonged negotiations TikTok has been getting for years with the US government on a opportunity deal that might enable the organization to deal with the national stability worries and to continue serving US buyers.

“The federal govt has but to choose a solitary significant action to safeguard American consumers from the risk of TikTok,” Rubio mentioned in a statement. “There is no extra time to squander on meaningless negotiations with a CCP-puppet corporation. It is time to ban Beijing-managed TikTok for excellent.”

“It’s troubling that fairly than encouraging the Administration to conclude its nationwide protection overview of TikTok, some associates of Congress have determined to drive for a politically-enthusiastic ban that will do nothing to progress the nationwide safety of the United States,” Hilary McQuaide, a spokesperson for TikTok, reported in a statement.

“We will continue on to short members of Congress on the designs that have been made under the oversight of our country’s top rated nationwide security agencies—plans that we are properly underway in implementing—to additional protected our platform in the United States,” McQuaide added.

TikTok has earlier reported it does not share information and facts with the Chinese govt and that a US-centered security team decides who can accessibility US user info from China. TikTok has also formerly acknowledged that staff centered in China can at present accessibility user information.

Tuesday’s invoice is not the only federal legislation to target TikTok. Final yr, US lawmakers proposed a law that would ban TikTok use by federal agencies, and Rubio introduced a monthly bill that would power some app makers to disclose ownership details. Another monthly bill released this drop would prohibit TikTok from enabling China-centered employees to accessibility the person facts of US citizens.

Presently, the US armed service, the Point out Department and the Section of Homeland Protection have restricted TikTok from products underneath their command.

How BMW will revamp its retail network for digital age

How BMW will revamp its retail network for digital age

Exactly where do you see the most important issues at the start out of the agency product?

When we launch at Mini on Jan. 1, 2024, Mini will be wholly all set. Mini is not a guinea pig for everything that we could then do far better at BMW two yrs later. All things viewed as, we are now pretty considerably alongside in phrases of IT progress and the new buildings. From our place of check out, nonetheless, it continue to tends to make much more perception to commence with Mini and then convert the BMW manufacturer. That’s why we’re getting our time, so that we can then go into the commence-up stage in phases.

Will all nations begin at the exact same time on Jan. 1, 2024?

There will be 3 waves. Germany’s flip will arrive in the to start with 50 {cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of the year. I can not say now how factors will be at BMW in 2026.

Would the agency also be conceivable for the U.S. in the long run?

No, surely not. That would not be suitable with the basic disorders in the U.S.

Your competitor Audi, like other models in the Volkswagen Team, initially will only offer its electrical automobiles with an agency product. Why are you performing factors differently?

I think it is very significant to only introduce an company product with the overall motor vehicle portfolio. Anything else will not do the job in my check out, because you then commence competing within your own product variety.

What do you necessarily mean?

If we introduce an agency design for our electric motor vehicles only and a consumer will come to just one of our dealerships simply because he/she would like to purchase an i4, then beneath this sort of an technique it could materialize that he/she leaves the dealership with a 4-collection coupe. What I am stating is that we do not want our clients to be pushed in any way at the dealership just because the dealership has an additional car in stock. That is why I assume these kinds of a move is basically wrong. There will be no these separation with us.

Is this a lesson discovered from the agency model for your electrified cars that you launched in 2013 and dropped by 2018?

The product worked perfectly in alone for the i3 and i8. In fact, the explanation we folded it back in in any case was because of the competitors with the conventional profits program. At BMW, the client and his or her needs are in the foreground, not what the dealer currently has on provide. The changeover now affects the full manufacturer. That is diverse. And that is why it will do the job.

Stellantis CEO Carlos Tavares wants to reduce distribution prices at his brand names by 40 per cent by 2030. Do you also see likely price savings in the company design?

For us, the company model is not a cost-cutting method. Of system, new efficiencies will outcome from a a lot more data-driven management of our profits. We will be joyful to take that on board. But we are taking this move to make improvements to the shopper practical experience and the model working experience. In the long run, the purchaser will get the very same offer and the similar charges all over the place. That is very significant for us as a high quality brand. We do not want the shopper to feel that they are remaining quoted a unique rate all over the place.

But offering the identical selling prices everywhere can also be a threat. For example, a car or truck that is promoting well in an location these as Tegernsee in southern Germany can result in desire to collapse in other locations of the region if shops have no scope for bargains. Would you settle for a loss of product sales below?

No, totally not. We have a quite distinct expansion tactic at BMW, and we are also attaining market share around the world. In 2021, BMW was when again No. 1 in the worldwide premium segment, and we want to keep on being in that spot. There are even now alternatives to react with selling prices, even in the company design. Just most likely not as locally as is presently the scenario. Even the pricing now may possibly definitely not be best everywhere you go, but in the new product there will at minimum be uniform charges.

But then you might eliminate a purchaser to Mercedes or Audi simply because of 500 euros…

I do not see that taking place. We generally have strategies of reacting, for example as a result of our young made use of cars. There are prospects that we have now and will continue to have.

MySize’s New Smart Catalogue SaaS Product Delivers Data to Optimize Fashion Design–Now Piloted with Top-Tier Global Fashion Brands Desigual, El Ganso, and Silbon

MySize’s New Smart Catalogue SaaS Product Delivers Data to Optimize Fashion Design–Now Piloted with Top-Tier Global Fashion Brands Desigual, El Ganso, and Silbon

Details-driven solution powers style designers to change their inspirations into styles that healthy accurately for their industry, addressing an economic and environmental dilemma: 30{cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of outfits returned is under no circumstances resold    

AIRPORT Town, Israel , Dec. 13, 2022 /PRNewswire/ —  MySize, Inc. (NASDAQ: MYSZ) (TASE: MYSZ.TA) (“MySize” or the “Enterprise”), an omnichannel e-commerce system and company of AI-driven measurement options to travel income expansion and minimize expenditures for its small business customers, currently announced that Naiz Fit, its a short while ago acquired Spain-primarily based trend tech enterprise, is exam piloting Intelligent Catalogue with a number of of its latest shoppers. Wise Catalogue is an modern new application-as-a-support (SaaS) based remedy that will help manner designers build patterns that improve healthy, with the intention of lowering unsold items, strengthening economics for vogue brand names and vendors, whilst cutting down environmental footprint.

Just about 30{cfdf3f5372635aeb15fd3e2aecc7cb5d7150695e02bd72e0a44f1581164ad809} of all garment buys returned to merchants are never offered, becoming “lifeless inventory”, according to the Australian Round Textile Association. Style United Uk stories that unsold inventory is a sizeable challenge for some of the major trend brand names in the environment, together with a rapid-fashion world-wide organization that is sitting on billions well worth of unsold stock, even though a luxurious brand name has ruined millions of bucks value of unsold stock instead of selling at a price cut. Beyond the enormous value for style brands and the setting, prospects who are not able to discover the ideal suit are also still left unsatisfied.

Clever Catalogue immediately addresses these troubles by providing trend designers with demographic and locale precise knowledge about shopper physique morphology and suit preferences. Sent by way of a person-friendly software package system, Clever Catalogue enables knowledgeable selections.

Big retail makes now piloting Smart Catalogue involve Spain-dependent Desigual, El Ganso, and Silbon, all of which are MySize prospects applying the Naiz Suit sizing option.

Desigual’s Innovation Leader, Eva Sirera commented, “With the pilot of Intelligent Catalogue, our designers will advantage from the wealth of knowledge accessible on the user-pleasant platform. Trend collections are coming to lifetime as a result of designs and distinct patterns that are particularly personalized to the demographics and locations in which we market. We expect to see far better stock efficiency and much more glad consumers as a end result.”

“We made Intelligent Catalogue centered on a crystal clear need in the industry for a facts-driven option that addresses apparel in shape challenges at its really resource, in the course of the style and design section. We’re empowering and supporting the creatives in the vogue field by informing their instinct with details. We believe that greater in shape leads to happier retailer shoppers, resulting in improved income for our trend brand clients,” mentioned Naiz In good shape CEO & Co-Founder, Borja Cembrero Saralegui.  

“Intelligent Catalogue is a essential asset that Naiz In good shape brought to MySize. The SaaS subscription-based mostly enterprise design and the benefit that the alternative delivers to merchants is a perfect match for MySize’s proprietary trend tech pipeline,” mentioned MySize CEO Ronen Luzon.

About MySize Inc.

MySize, Inc. (NASDAQ: MYSZ) (TASE: MYSZ.TA) is an omnichannel e-commerce system and service provider of AI-driven measurement remedies including MySizeID and recently obtained Naiz Healthy to push revenue growth and decrease costs for its business purchasers. Orgad, its on line retailer system, has skills in e-commerce, offer chain, and technology running as a 3rd-occasion vendor on Amazon.com and other internet sites. MySize just lately released FirstLook Clever Mirror, a mirror-like contact show that delivers in-retail outlet shoppers an increased purchasing encounter and contactless checkout. FirstLook Good Mirror extends MySize’s get to into bodily shops and is envisioned to lead to revenues as a result of unit revenue and recurring provider charges.

MySize has produced a distinctive measurement know-how based on advanced algorithms and slicing-edge technology with broad programs, such as the apparel, e-commerce, Do-it-yourself, shipping and delivery, and parcel delivery industries. This proprietary measurement technology is driven by a number of algorithms that are capable to calculate and history measurements in a assortment of novel means. To master more about MySize, be sure to visit our web site: www.mysizeid.com.

We routinely write-up information and facts that could be essential to investors in the Trader Relations portion of our web site. Adhere to us on FbLinkedInInstagram, and Twitter.

You should click listed here for a demonstration of how MySizeID provides a complete sizing resolution for the retail field.

Register listed here for the MySizeID solution for your on the web retail outlet and right here for the Naiz Fiz alternative.

To learn more about MySize and for supplemental facts, make sure you pay a visit to: our website: www.mysizeid.com.

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This push launch consists of selected forward-looking statements inside the indicating of the secure harbor provisions of the Personal Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements similar to the acquisition, expected revenues, and the predicted closing of the acquisition. These statements are determined by the use of the words “could,” “feel,” “foresee,” “intend,” “estimate,” “count on,” “could,” “continue,” “predict,” “probable,” “undertaking” and similar expressions that are meant to establish forward-seeking statements. All forward-looking statements talk only as of the date of this press launch. You should really not position undue reliance on these ahead-on the lookout statements. Though we imagine that our programs, targets, anticipations and intentions mirrored in or instructed by the forward-seeking statements are sensible, we can give no assurance that these strategies, goals, anticipations or intentions will be attained. Forward-wanting statements include important pitfalls and uncertainties (some of which are further than our regulate) and assumptions that could result in true final results to vary materially from historical expertise and current expectations or projections. Real results might differ materially from individuals in the ahead-wanting statements and the trading price for our frequent inventory may perhaps fluctuate substantially. Ahead-hunting statements also are affected by the risk things described in the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Besides as demanded by regulation, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any ahead-wanting statements, no matter whether as a end result of new details, long run functions or otherwise, right after the day on which the statements are produced or to reflect the incidence of unanticipated gatherings.

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Depression and gut bacteria: What is the link?

Depression and gut bacteria: What is the link?

collage showing a portrait of a pensive young Black man and microscopic slides of bacteriaShare on Pinterest
Could the gut microbiota influence depression symptoms? Image design by MNT; Photography by Klaus Vedfelt/Getty Images & Debbie Marshall via Wellcome Collection.
  • Depression is a common mental health disorder and a leading cause of disability around the world, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).
  • Research shows gut microbiota may play a role in depressive disorders and that depressive symptom levels vary across ethnic groups.
  • Now, researchers from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands have demonstrated that 13 types of bacteria found in the gut are associated with depression symptoms.

A new study, published in Nature Communications, shows how gut bacteria may play a role in depression through the production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and glutamate.

Depression is a chronic feeling of sadness, emptiness, or an inability to feel pleasure. The causes of depression are still not fully understood, however, it is likely that various factors are involved, such as:

  • genetics
  • changes to neurotransmitter levels in the brain
  • environmental factors such as exposure to trauma
  • psychological and social factors.

In this study, researchers at Oxford Population Health, working with colleagues in the Netherlands, investigated the relationship between the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota with symptoms of depression.

They examined data from 1,133 participants in the Rotterdam Study. As part of their analysis, they made sure to control for lifestyle factors and medication use. For example, they only included individuals who were not taking antidepressants.

This was to avoid measuring changes in the gut microbiota that are a consequence of the depression — or the medication — rather than a cause.

Various bacteria identified showed a potential involvement in the way people produce neurotransmitters, particularly those linked to depression such as glutamate.

The researchers then replicated and validated these findings using data from another observational study, called the HELIUS study.

The results of this research may one day lead to the development of novel treatments for conditions such as depression.

Dr. Najaf Amin, study author and senior research associate at Oxford Population Health, highlighted the key findings to Medical News Today, saying that the research team has “identified 13 types of bacteria [12 genera and one family] associated with depression.”

Eggerthella, Hungatella, Sellimonas, and Lachnoclostridium are more abundantly found, while Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae UCG001, Ruminococcusgauvreauii group, Eubacterium ventriosum, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcaceae (UCG002, UCG003, UCG005), and [the] family Ruminococcaceae were less abundant in individuals with higher symptoms of depression,” she specified.

“These bacteria are known to be involved in the metabolism of some key molecules including glutamate and butyrate through which these bacteria can influence depression.”

– Dr. Najaf Amin

Dr. Amin said that “large and carefully conducted studies on the association of gut microbiome with depression were missing.” According to her, “[s]uch studies are the first step towards understanding the pathogenesis, providing biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease.”

“Since gut microbiome is primarily determined by the lifestyle factors, diet in particular, once causality is established, the therapy would be as simple as modification of diet or the use of probiotics,” she noted.

“Further, depression is both an underdiagnosed and overdiagnosed disease. A biomarker will enable an objective measurement for depression, which is currently lacking, thus improving the diagnosis,” Dr. Amin explained.

New York-based anti-aging and regenerative medicine doctor, Dr. Neil Paulvin, not involved in the study, told MNT that “we know that the microbiome affects our mood.”

“The microbiome produces neurotransmitters such as nana, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This is part of the future of mental health,” he added.

“We need to find the specific combination of gut bacteria that are good and bad for anxiety. For example, which bacteria can activate GABA [gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter] to help anxiety, which can affect serotonin to help with depression, and if fecal microbiota transplant will be an answer for depression and anxiety.”

– Dr. Neil Paulvin

Dr. Paulvin highlighted that “there are pill psychobiotics [probiotics that affect mood] currently in development.”

“We are now cultivating the information to develop programs in the future,” Dr. Paulvin said.

Dr. James Giordano, Pellegrino professor of Neurology and Biochemistry at Georgetown University Medical Center, also not involved in this research, commented that “this is a very well done study that controlled for several potentially interfering variables, and in so doing, demonstrated the role of certain gut microbiome species in providing chemical modulators that are known to have both direct and indirect effect on brain chemistry involved in cognitive and emotional function.”

“Namely, these gut species, Eggerthella and Eubacterium ventriosum, have been shown to produce butyrate — an important precursor molecule to GABA, a brain chemical that functions in regulatory control of glutamate,” he explained.

“Additionally, these species were shown to produce serotonin, which has direct effects upon the enteric nervous system, the gut-brain axis, and in these ways, can affect serotonin levels and activity in the brain, which in turn, are important to aspects of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.”

“Overactivity of glutamate transmission in the brain has been shown to contribute to several features of depressive and anxiety disorders, and thus, gut microbiome contribution to GABA-mediated and serotonin-mediated control of brain glutamate activity (primarily via modulation of the vagus nerve) may be an important mechanism for maintaining mental health.”

– Dr. James Giordano

“[T]he study [also] revealed that certain other species of gut [bacteria] can exert disruptive effects on the microenvironment of the gut, the enteric nervous system, the gut-brain axis, brain chemistry, and the expression of signs and symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders.”

Thus, overgrowth of these species, and undergrowth or underactivity of beneficial species can produce local and systemic inflammatory states, which can disrupt the biochemical and physiological stability of the brain, and contribute to the development and exacerbation of neuro-psychiatric conditions,” Dr. Giordano explained.

Dr. Amin noted that “it is possible to alter the composition of these [populations of] bacteria. This is possible through the use of prebiotics and probiotics. For instance, the butyrate-producing bacteria can be altered by the consumption of high-fiber diets, e.g. fresh fruits, whole grains, and vegetables.”

Dr. Giordano agreed, telling MNT that “an important take-away message afforded by this study’s findings is that gut health via [the] stability of the gut microbiome is important to maintaining brain functions that are involved in thought, mood and behavior.”

“The increasing knowledge about the gut microbiome and the gut-brain axis fortifies that the prudent use of pre- and probiotics can be of value in sustaining both gut and brain health,” he said.